In 1982, ABC-TV's Towards 2000 program reported on an intriguing research project that subsequently turned out to be vital to our modern understanding of climate change.
The story, entitled "Blue Poles" was about detective work involving the analysis of ice cores taken from the Law Dome in Australia's Antarctic Territory
In parts of Antarctica the ice can be up to 5 kilometres thick, with new layers of snow added each year. By drilling through the layers of ice, samples can be taken and dated to re-construct a picture of past climates.
The initial work was to reconstruct historic temperatures by studying subtle variations in the oxygen isotopes of the frozen water, but it soon became apparent that the tiny air bubbles trapped in the ice contained something even more valuable - samples of the atmosphere as it was hundreds and even thousands of years ago. Of particular interest was the potential of those ancient air bubbles to tell us about past CO2 levels.
In the 30 years since this story was made, research into these ice bubbles from Australia's Antarctic Territory has resulted in a continuous 2000 year record of atmospheric CO2 concentrations. It shows a long period of relative stability before a dramatic increase beginning around the time of the industrial revolution, when the world first began to burn coal on a massive scale.
These Australian results are consistent with findings from even older ice cores taken elsewhere in Antarctica. The longest time-line so far reconstructed stretches back almost 800,000 years and reveals that at no point in all of that time have CO2 levels been as high as they are today. The highest peak in those ancient times was some 330,000 years ago, when CO2 reached 289.6 parts per million.
Today's atmospheric CO2 levels are one third greater than that previous peak, having now reached 397 parts per million in the southern hemisphere. The ice core evidence also shows that the present rate of CO2 increase is the fastest in at least 800,000 years.
(c) Australian Broadcasting Corporation
http://abc.net.au/science
climate change projections Unravelling the secrets inside Antarctica Ice | |
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